ЭВОЛЮЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ И СТРУКТУРНОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ АНТИМИКРОБНЫХ ПЕПТИДОВ, ПЕПТИДОМИМЕТИКОВ И КАТИОННЫХ АМФИФИЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ АМИНОКИСЛОТ
Аннотация
В обзорной статье прослеживаются основные тенденции синтетического подхода к решению вопроса преодоления резистентности патогенных штаммов бактерий. Приведены основные стратегии поиска перспективных агентов, начиная с природных антимикробных пептидов или пептидов «защиты человека», с последующим эволюционным переходом к синтетическим пептидомиметикам макромолекулярного или олигомерного типов, а также подхода, основанного на мембранно-активных низкомолекулярных катионных амфифилах. Показано структурное многообразие пептидомиметиков с высокой бактерицидной активностью, обладающих повышенной устойчивостью к действию протеолитических ферментов по сравнению с природными пептидами. Большое внимание уделено различным алифатическим и ароматическим катионным амфифилам на основе аминокислот. Отмечены потенциальные возможности этого класса соединений в качестве антимикробных агентов. Амфифильная структура синтезированных соединений позволяет им избирательно воздействовать на бактериальные мембраны и не приводит к запуску у бактерий процесса развития резистентности.
Литература
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